پاورپوینت Micro linguistic Contrastive Analysis

Micro linguistic Contrastive Analysis

تضاد یکی از پیوندهای معنایی میان کلمات و یکی از مولفه های مهم زبان است که در بعد واژگانی در حوزه مطالعات دستور زبان قرار می گیرد و در بعد معنایی از مقولات بلاغی به حساب می آید.

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 Micro linguistic Contrastive Analysis 
In micro linguistic we focus on the levels of phonology, lexis and grammar .
We turn our attention to a broader perspective of macro linguistic analysis, which represents a new departure in pure and applied linguistics and offers considerable scope for new work in CA.
Micro linguistic CA is a well –explored, yet still controversial territory.
The principle is that doing CAs of a global and exhaustive nature is neither feasible nor desirable.
Such CAs is infeasible simply because linguistics is not yet in apposition to describe a language in Toto . So there are no pairs of total descriptions for input to CA.
General principles: 
First we outline the general principles of the procedures : since repetition will be avoided by doing so. A measure of economy will be gained.
Executing a CA involves two steps:
Description and comparison
The steps are taken in that order. These two procedures cannot be said to characterize CA uniquely.
Note that CA consists of description of L1 and L2 and comparison of the two.
The two descriptions need to be parallel.
What does this mean?
The minimum requirement of parallel description is that the two languages be described through the same model of description.
We may ask the two descriptions be formed in the same model.
Reasons : there are several reasons. First different models can describe certain features of language more successfully than other models.
It was for this reason that Harris insisted that comparable descriptions of the two languages will only be guaranteed if identical methods of description are used for description of two.
Linguistic typology tells us that human languages fall into several types according to which grammatical phonological or lexical features they show preferences for.
We seem to be faced by a dilemma, and then on the one hand, there are good theoretical reason for using the same model for description of L1 and L2. On the other hand, there are equally cogent practical reasons why this is undesirable.